Liquid level alarm for 4 tank

Today I made this Liquid Low level Alarm project. already I make one before to monitor a single Tank. But This will Monitor 4 liquid or water Tank. when any Tank reach Low liquid Level a sensor give signal to this device .so The warning Lamp related to that tank start blinking and an beeping Alarm sound also start. we can silence the beeper by pressing the push switch. and the indicator stay on until the liquid level normal.

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How to read value of a Capacitor ?

Capacitance is the ability to store electrons and is measured in Farads.One Farad is a very large value! So most capacitors used in electronic circuits are measured in MicroFarads (uF) or even Picofarads (pF). Capacitance = Q / V Where Q is the charge and V is the voltage. Thus the capacitance is the charge divided by voltage. The important parameters of the capacitor are 1. Value -Value is marked on the capacitor directly or in colour codes 2. Tolerance -It indicates how much more or less the actual capacitance of the capacitor 3. Working voltage -It is the maximum voltage a capacitor can withstand before the dielectric breakdown 4. Leakage current .There is always small leakage current in all capacitors. Ideally this should be zero. But no capacitor is perfect without leakage current. Tantalum capacitor is comparatively better with minimum leakage current Value 1pf (Pico Farad) = 0.001nf (Nano Farad) 1nf (Nano Farad) = 0.001μf (Micro Fara...

Ring tester

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Transistor numbers and codes

Most transistor markings follow one of these codes: JEDEC, JIS or Pro-Electron. For ICs, look for known numbers (e.g. 741, 4001, 7400) between the prefix and the suffix. Don't confuse it with the date code. ICs typically have two numbers: The part number and the date code. 1. Joint Electron Device Engineering Council (JEDEC) These part numbers take the form: digit, letter, sequential number, [suffix] The letter is always 'N', and the first digit is 1 for diodes, 2 for transistors, 3 for four-leaded devices, and so forth. But 4N and 5N are reserved for opto-couplers. The sequential numbers run from 100 to 9999 and indicate the approximate time the device was first made. If present, a suffix could indicate various things. For example, a 2N2222A is an enhanced version of a 2N2222. It has higher gain, frequency, and voltage ratings. Always check the data sheet. Examples: 1N914 (diode), 2N2222, 2N2222A, 2N904 (transistors). NOTE: When a metal-can version of a JEDEC tra...

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